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光的二象性和粒子的二象性

论文编号:WLX047  字数:11004,页数:18摘   要  本论文主要对光子的波粒二象性和实物粒子的波粒二象性进行探讨。阐述光的波粒二象性和实物粒子的波粒二象性的产生以及发展。光电效应和康普顿效应证明了光具有粒子性,而光的光的普遍现象如干涉、衍射以及偏振现象却让人们不得不承认光具有波动性。我们了介绍法国物理学家路易斯.德布罗意如何由光的波粒二象性推导出实物粒子也具有波粒二象性,而且实物粒子的波粒二象性是物质的本性,量子力学则是一种以“波粒二象性”观念为基础建立的物理学理论,它填补了经典物理学在微观世界的缺陷,成功地解释了物质在分子和原子等微观层次上的物理现象。光的波粒二象性理论和实物粒子的波粒二象性理论的提出,对整个物理学的发展存在重要意义,在这基础上引伸出很多新的学科,例如量子电动力学、量子光学和信息光学等等。关键词:波粒二象性 德布罗意关系 实物粒子 量子电动力学Abstract  This thesis focuses on the photon's wave-particle duality and particle's wave-particle duality. We exhibit emergence and development of the wave-particle duality of light and particles. the photoelectric effect. Compton effect demonstrated the particle nature of light, however, we have to accept wave properties of light for optical interference, diffraction and polarization phenomena. We introduced how the French physicist Louis . de Broglie get the conclusion of wave-particle duality of particle from wave-particle duality of light. Therefore wave-particle particle duality is nature of matter, quantum mechanics is a physics theory that based on "wave-particle duality", it overcome the draw bock of classical physics in microcosmic word and successfully explains the micro-level phenomena, such as the molecular and atomic physics. At the same time, a wave-particle duality theory of light and particle are importance for physic development and applications. In this foundation led out many new subjects, such as quantum electrodynamics, quantum optics and information optical etc.Keywords:Wave-particle duality,de Broglie Relation,Particle, Quantum electrodynamics目  录中文摘要 i英文摘要 ii目  录 iii第一章  绪  论 11.1  研究动机与目的 11.2  研究背景 11.3  论文内容概述 1第二章 光的波粒二象性 22.1  光的波动性 22.1.1  波动性的提出 22.1.2  电磁波 22.1.3  光波动性的应用 22.2  光的粒子性 32.2.1  光的粒子性的提出 32.2.2  光电效应 32.2.3  康普顿效应 4第三章  实物粒子的波粒二象性 63.1  德布罗意假设 63.2  粒子波动性的应用 8第四章  量子光学与量子电动力学 94.1  量子光学 94.2  量子场论 94.3  量子电动力学 94.3.1  欧拉-拉格朗日方程 104.3.2  兰姆移位 114.3.3  费曼图 11第五章  结  论 13致谢 14参考文献 15
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