基于数字全息术的相位成像实验研究
论文编号:WLX110 字数:10444,页数:26摘 要 数字全息术是当前全息术研究的一个热点。它是在传统光学全息术的基础上，结合电子技术、计算机技术和图像处理技术发展起来的一种新型全息技术。它以CCD等光电耦合器件取代传统的全息记录材料来记录全息图，并通过计算机模拟衍射过程来完成全息图的再现。数字全息术过程简单，曝光时间短，没有化学显影和定影过程，因而便于对图像的获取和实时处理。数字全息术已广泛地运用于形貌测量、变形测量、振动测量、构件缺陷测量、光纤、微电子和生物细胞等测量领域，有着极为重要的意义。 本论文从理论和实验两方面对数字全息图的记录与再现进行了研究。首先，介绍了数字全息技术的波前记录原理，详细推导了菲涅耳方法、卷积方法和相移法三种再现方法。根据算法的离散数学表示编制相应的算法程序。通过实验对全息图进行了数值重现，完成了物体的三维表面再现，有力地证明数字全息术在显微测量领域中具有较大的潜力。关键词： 数字全息 全息记录 再现 数值重现 显微测量Abstract Digital holography is an active research topic. It is a novel holography technique which is based on conventional holography and synthesizes electronics technique, computer technique and image processing techniques. In digital holography, charge coupled device CCD substitutes common recording material to record hologram and computer simulation replaces optical diffraction to optical diffraction digitally reconstruct recorded object field. The digital holography can be conveniently treated in mathematics. It has short exposure time, no chemical developing and fixing processing, and therefore it can perform real-time acquirement and processing of images. Digital holography has been widely applied in many fields such as appearance measurement、distortion measurement、vibration measurement、component defect measurement、optical fiber、micro-electronics and biologic cell, and it has more important meaning. In this thesis, the recording and reconstruction of digital holograms have been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Firstly, it introduces the principles of digital holography, three kinds of reconstruction algorithms (Fresnel integral, convolution and Phase Shift Method) of digital hologram are deduced. Numerical algorithms have been programmed according to the representations of the discrete mathematics. By using numerical reconstruction method the object images are obtained successfully, It is testified that there is huge potential the metrological applications using digital holography in microstructure measurement. Keywords：Digital holography; Holographic recording; Holographic reconstruction; Numerical Reconstruction; Microstructure measurement; 目 录中文摘要 1英文摘要 2目录 3第一章 绪论 4 1.1 光学全息的概述 4 1.2 数字全息术的提出、发展及应用 5 1.3 本论文研究意义 6 1.4 本论文主要研究工作 6第二章 数字全息的基本原理 8 2.1 数字全息术的波前记录 8 2.2 数字全息术的波前再现 10 2.3 数字全息中的一些基本问题 13 2.4 本章小结 14第三章 数字全息的实验与分析 15 3.1 数字全息的数值模拟过程 15 3.2 数字全息实验 16 3.3 相位解包裹算法 18第四章 总结和展望 23 4.1 总结 23 4.1 展望 23致谢 24参考文献 25
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